Effect of clinical application of anti-CD38 and anti-CD47 monoclonal antibodies on blood group detection and transfusion therapy and treatment.

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effect of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAb) (daratumumab, DARA) and anti-CD47 mAb combined with azacytidine on blood transfusion compatibility tests, transfusion effects in the treatment of multiple myeloma or acute myeloid leukemia and the corresponding management strategy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Among the 19 patients who were treated with DARA and anti-CD47 mAb, 4 patients with cross matching incompatibility were selected. The ABO blood group, the Rh blood group, irregular antibody screening and direct antiglobulin test (DAT) and cross matching testing were performed before and after the application of mAbs using serological methods. Then, irregular antibody screening and microcolumn gel cross matching tests were performed with donor and recipient erythrocytes and serum treated with DL-dithiothreitol (DTT) and Immucor kit, respectively. The transfusion effect was monitored. RESULTS: 21.05% (4/19) patients had mismatched cross-matching results after mAb treatment. The agglutination intensity of irregular antibody screening tests (3 + ∼ 4 +) after anti-CD47 mAb was higher than that (1 + ∼ 2 +) after DARA. In the DARA group, treating RBCs with 0.2 mol L-1 DTT eliminated the DARA interference with antibody screening. In the anti-CD47 mAb group, the antibody screening, cross-matching test and DAT had been strongly interfered, and using Immucor kit eliminated the interference with antibody screening testing. There was no difference in the transfusion effect. CONCLUSION: The application of mAb drugs led to incompatibility of cross matching tests, and the transfusion effect was not affected.

Could blood groups have prognostic significance on survival in patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma?

The prognostic importance of the ABO blood group in non-Hodgkin lymphoma is largely unknown. We aim to investigate the prognostic significance of blood groups on the survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients. 412 people (206 DLBCL patients and 206 healthy donors) were included. The blood group types of patients treated at our center from 2009 to 2019 were analyzed retrospectively and compared to the results from healthy thrombocyte donors. The distribution of the ABO blood groups was as follows: blood type A (45.2%), B (9.7%), O (38.8%), and AB (6.3%). We found no statistically significant difference between patients and the control group in terms of ABO and Rhesus blood group distribution (p = 0.27 and p = 0.45, respectively). The median follow-up time was 18 months (0-116). In the Cox regression analysis ABO blood groups, and Rh group were not significant predictors of survival in patients with DLBCL, whereas ECOG score, IPI score, Ann-Arbor stage, and LDH level were found significant. Receiving R-CHOP as the first-line treatment was associated with better survival in the multivariate analysis. No statistically significant difference was found between the control and DLBCL patient groups regarding the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups.

Predictive and prognostic effect of ABO blood group on immune checkpoint inhibitors.

BACKGROUND: The relationship of the ABO blood group system with the immune response is known, but its relationship with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been clearly investigated until now. OBJECTIVE: In this study, the relationship between different blood groups and nivolumab treatment response in patients with advanced malignant melanoma was investigated. METHODS: The data of patients who used nivolumab for advanced malignant melanoma between April 2018 and April 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. RESULTS: A total of 73 patients were included in the study. In the progression-free survival (PFS) analysis according to blood groups, it was 3.9 months, 16.1 months, 20.0 months and 3.0 months for A, B, AB and O, respectively (p= 0.1). Overall survival (OS) analysis according to blood groups was 5.1 months, 25.0 months, 20.0 months and 9.3 months for A, B, AB and O, respectively (p= 0.1). The B antigen group (B or AB) had significantly longer PFS and OS than the non-B antigen group (A or O) (16.1 vs. 3.5 months for PFS, respectively, p= 0.03; 20.0 vs. 7.4 months for OS, respectively, p= 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of B antigen provides a significant advantage in terms of survival in patients using ICIs for advanced melanoma.

Anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en pacientes cubanos en espera de trasplante renal / Platelet antibodies in cuban patients waiting for renal transplantation

Introducción: Los antígenos específicos de plaquetas, conocidos como antígenos de plaquetas humanas (HPA, del inglés human platelet antigens), se incluyen dentro del espectro de antígenos de histocompatibilidad no-HLA, debido a que los anticuerpos anti-HPA participan en el rechazo del trasplante, además de ser causa del fenómeno de refractariedad plaquetaria. Objetivo: Caracterizar los anticuerpos contra antígenos específicos de plaquetas en pacientes cubanos en espera de trasplante renal. Métodos: Se investigaron muestras de sangre de 901 pacientes mediante la técnica de inmovilización de antígenos plaquetarios con anticuerpos monoclonales. Resultados: En 78 pacientes se detectaron anticuerpos anti-HPA, que en el 87,17 por ciento reconocían los antígenos presentes en el complejo GP-IIb/IIIa. Estos anticuerpos fueron del tipo IgG en el 78,2 por ciento, IgA en el 11,53 por ciento e IgM en el 46,15 por ciento. Conclusiones: En pacientes cubanos en espera de trasplante renal son frecuentes los Ac anti-HPA, en su mayoría del tipo IgG dirigidos contra antígenos presentes en el complejo GP-IIb/IIIa(AU)

Introduction: Platelet-specific antigens, known as human platelet antigens (HPA), are included within the spectrum of non-HLA histocompatibility antigens, because HPA antibodies participate in the rejection of transplantation, besides being a cause of the phenomenon of platelet refractoriness. Objective: To characterize antibodies against platelet-specific antigens in Cuban patients awaiting kidney transplantation. Methods: The technique monoclonal antibodies immobilized platelets antigens was applied to blood samples from 901 patients. Results: HPA antibodies were detected in 78 patients, which in 87.17 percent recognized the antigens present in the GP-IIb / IIIa complex. These antibodies were in 78.2 percent of the IgG class, in 11.53 percent IgA and IgM in 46.15 percent. Conclusions: HPA antibodies, mostly of the IgG class and directed to antigens present in the GP-IIb/IIIa complex, are common in Cuban patients awaiting kidney transplantation(AU)

Synergistic Protective Effect of Sickle Cell Trait and Blood Group-O on the Risk of Endemic Burkitt's Lymphoma.

BACKGROUND: Previous research strongly suggest that malaria is an important factor in the pathogenesis of endemic Burkitt's lymphoma (eBL). Therefore, genetic factors such as sickle cell trait (SCT) and blood group-O that offer protection against severe malaria would be expected to reduce the risks of eBL. However, previous reports on the protective roles of SCT and blood group-O against the risks of eBL were inconclusive. Hence, the need for further studies on the protective roles of SCT and blood group-O separately, and also to investigate whether or not the combined anti-severe malaria protective roles of SCT and blood group-O have synergistic effects in reducing the risks of eBL. We therefore hypothesize that SCT and blood group-O are independently associated with reduced risks of eBL, and the co-inheritance of both factors (SCT and group-O) would provide greater protection against eBL. If our hypothesis is correct, children who inherited both SCT and blood group-O would have lower risks of eBL than their counterparts who inherited SCT or blood group-O separately. To the best of our knowledge, the possible synergistic relationship between SCT and blood group-O with regards to the risk of eBL has not been previously studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective logistic regression analysis of the frequencies of Hb phenotypes and ABO blood groups among patients with eBL in order to determine the separate and synergistic protective effects of SCT and blood group-O on the risk of eBL in Nigeria where eBL is among the most common malignant childhood cancers. RESULTS: The Odd Ratios (OR) for the risk of eBL were 0.52 for 'SCT irrespective of ABO blood group'; 0.49 for 'blood group-O irrespective of Hb phenotype'; and 0.23 for 'SCT with blood group-O'. DISCUSSION: These values suggest that both SCT and blood group-O are independently associated with modest reduction in the risk of eBL. However, when SCT with blood group-O was assessed for the risk factor for eBL, we obtained an Odds ratio of 0.23, which was significantly lower than the OR values for SCT (0.52) and blood group-O (0.49) separately. These figures suggest that coinheritance of SCT and blood group-O offers greater reduction in the risk of eBL than that provided by either SCT or blood group-O separately. The greater protection against eBL provided by the coinheritance of SCT and blood group-O is interpreted to be the resultant synergistic effect of the combined anti-malarial attributes of SCT and blood group-O. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that the combined anti-malarial protective roles of SCT and blood group-O have synergistic effects in reducing the risks of eBL. This study has provided further evidence on the association between malaria-protective genetic polymorphisms and eBL, which is consistent with the aetiologic role of malaria in the pathogenesis of the tumour. Hence, the need for malaria endemic countries to intensify malaria control programs in order to curtail the incidence of eBL.

Impact of ABO blood group mismatch in alemtuzumab-based reduced-intensity conditioned haematopoietic SCT.

The impact of ABO incompatibility on clinical outcomes following haematopoietic SCT (HSCT) remains controversial. This retrospective study assessed the effect of ABO mismatch on transplant outcomes and transfusion requirements in 594 patients undergoing reduced-intensity conditioned (RIC) HSCT with alemtuzumab in three UK transplant centres. We found no significant effects of minor, major or bidirectional ABO mismatch on overall survival, relapse-free survival, nonrelapse mortality or relapse incidence. Although the rate of acute GVHD was unaffected by ABO mismatch, the incidence of extensive chronic GVHD was higher in patients with minor and major mismatch compared with those who were ABO matched (hazard ratio (HR) 1.74, P=0.032 for minor, HR 1.69 P=0.0036 for major mismatch). Red cell and platelet transfusion requirements in the first 100 days post transplant did not differ by ABO mismatch. In this large UK series, ABO mismatch in RIC HSCT has no clinically significant effect on survival outcomes but appears to modify susceptibility to extensive chronic GVHD.

Estudio de anticuerpos de inmunización ABO en niños con ascariosis / Study of ABO immune antibodies in children with ascariasis

Los anticuerpos inmunes tienen una gran importancia clínica, pues pueden producir reacción hemolítica o enfermedad hemolítica del recién nacido. El objetivo de este trabajo era detectar anticuerpos de inmunización ABO en niños con ascariosis. Se trabajó con muestras de suero obtenidas de una población de niños con ascariosis y de otra población control de niños sanos. Se determinó el grupo ABO en los sueros y se registró si el niño había recibido tratamiento antiparasitario en el momento de la extracción de la muestra. El estudio de los anticuerpos anti-Ay anti-B comprendió: prueba de hemólisis cualitativa, tiempo hemolítico medio, aglutinación y titulación en medio salino y enzimático, titulación en medio enzimático antes y después del tratamiento con 2-mercaptoetanol, y estudio de amplitud térmica. Se realizó también la inhibición con agarosa para los anti-B. El estudio de los anticuerpos ABO en la población de niños parasitados demostró que el 52,63% de los anti-A y el 31,03%de los anti-B tenían características de anticuerpos inmunes. No se encontró ningún anticuerpo ABO inmune en la población control. Se comprobó la existencia de 6 anticuerpos antigalactosa de clase IgG en el grupo de niños parasitados. Todos los sueros con anticuerpos inmunes fueron obtenidos antes o durante el tratamiento específico. La ausencia de anticuerpos de inmunización en los niños que concluyeron el tratamiento y en los niños de la población control sugeriría que la ascariosis es el estímulo externo para su aparición. El seguimiento de los anticuerpos inmunes sería útil para evaluar la evolución de la infección después del tratamiento (AU)

Immune antibodies are of clinical importance because they can produce a hemolytic reaction or hemolytic disease of the newborn. The aim of this study was to detect ABO immune antibodies in children with ascariasis. Serum samples were collected from a population of children with ascariasis and from a control population of healthy children. The ABO group was determined in the sera, and it was recorded if the child had received antiparasitic treatment at the time of the sample collection. The study of anti-A and anti-B antibodies involved a qualitative hemolysis test, mean hemolysis time, agglutination and titration in a saline medium and an enzyme medium, titration before and after 2- mercaptoethanol treatment in an enzyme medium, and a thermal amplitude test. An inhibition test for anti-B antibodies was also carried out in agarose. The study of ABO antibodies in the population of children with parasitemia showed that 52.63% of the anti-A and 31.03%of the anti-B antibodies had characteristics of immune antibodies. No ABO immune antibodies were found in the control population. The presence of 6 anti-galactose antibodies was demonstrated in the group with ascariasis. All the sera with immune antibodies were collected before or during the specific treatment. The absence of immune antibodies in the children that completed the treatment and in the children of the control population would suggest that ascariasis was the external stimulus for their development. The monitoring of these antibodies would be useful for the evaluation of the course of the infection following treatment (AU)